CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS ( KATA PENGHUBUNG )

These adverbs establish a relationship between one sentence or clause and the preceding sentence or clause. Conjunctive adverbs indicate such relationship as :

a.       Result ( akibat )

§  Therefore ( oleh karena itu )

§  Consequently ( alhasil )

§  Accordingly ( oleh karena )

§  Hence ( karena itu )

§  Thus  ( jadi )

Examples :

1.       There is fog at heathrow,therefore , the plane has been diverted.

2.       There is very little rain in this region,consequently , we often have crop failures.

3.       He put out the fire quickly, Thus , a great disaster was avoided.

b.      Addition ( Penambahan )

§  Moreover ( selain itu )

§  Besides ( disamping itu )

§  In addition ( tambahan )

§  Furthermore ( lagi pula )

Examples :

1.       John is a very lazy student, besides, he always comes late to class.

2.       Television is entertraining, furthermore, it is sometimes instructive.

c.       Contast ( Pertentangan )

§  However ( naming )

§  Nevertheless ( meskipun demikian )

§  Still ( masih )

Examples :

1.       They hadn’t trained hard, however, they won.

d.      Condition ( Keadaan )

§  Otherwise ( jika tidak )

Examples :

1.       We must be early, otherwise, we won’t get a seat.

e.      Time ( waktu )

§  Then ( kemudian )

§  Meanwhile ( sementara itu )

Examples :

1.       I will study medicine for six years, then, i will be a doctor.

2.       I held the dog,  meanwhile, my friend washed it.

f.        Comparison ( perbandingan )

§  Likewise ( begitu juga )

Examples :

1.       All of Mrs.peterson’s ancestors were robust and long-lived, likewise, she is very healthy at age seventy-five.

EXERCISE :

Fill in these blank with MOREOVER, FURTHERMORE, BESIDES, OTHERWISE, HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS, THEREFORE, CONSEQUENTLY, or THEN.

1.       John was sick………………………..,he did’nt come to school.

2.       Mr.smith doesn’t like his aunt,……………………………….,he invited her to his wedding.

3.       You should get the license right away,…………………………………,you’ll have to pay a fine.

4.       I don’t feel like going to that party,…………………………………,I have a bad cold,so I shouldn’t go out.

5.       I gave him instructions not to send the letter,………………………….,I’m now sorry I told him to do that.

6.       The weather has been extremely cold all winter long,…………………………..,they are going to Miami beach to get some sunshine.

7.       Keep off my property,……………………………………..,I’ll have you arrested.

8.       They young man needs a car for his work,……………………………………….., he is going to buy one right away.

9.       He seems to be a very intelligent and able man,…………………………………..,I don’t think he is suited for this particular job.

10.   Its too late to go to the movies,……………………………………..,I don’t like the picture they’re playing.